Jerry Richard Boone asked:


Bombardier Beetle

One of life’s little riddles is the bombardier beetle. As far as evolution is concerned, it’s a tough nut to crack. This small insect has a very imposing chemical defense system. When threatened, it aims it’s two abdomen tubes at its adversary, often an ant or spider. Then the bombardier fires off a series of miniature explosions peppering its victim with boiling acid. It is quite effective at keeping predators at bay.

What makes it work? The defense weapon is made of two storage glands, a combustion chamber, a couple of machine-gun type of swivel tubes, and of course the bombardier’s expertise and instinct for using it. The chemicals are stored separately and are combined when used.

When combined, the toxic mixture is 25 percent hydrogen peroxide, 10 percent hydroquinone, water, and free oxygen plus enzymes which detonate the explosion. Of course, all of these chemicals must be stored, combined, and used in the right places, amounts, and concentrations. Otherwise, this little bug could easily blow itself into extinction or boil itself alive. The fact that it doesn’t do either shows how well this insect is put together.

The bombardier controls, aims, and fires its chemical weapon through a series of specialized nerves and muscles. Each rapid explosion is heard as a “pop.” Oxygen spews out a hot jet of steam and quinone solution under high pressure. It is a well-coordinated delivery system for firing droplets of boiling, burning acid at anyone who dares bother the bombardier beetle.

How did such an elaborate defense system come about? Every minute detail of it had to be programmed in the DNA.

Consider what is involved here: Storage compartments, combination chamber, separate chemicals and enzymes, the intake of exact amounts of water and oxygen, plus hundreds of nerves, muscles, and fibers intricately woven into a working system. All of these items are coded and integrated into the bombardier’s DNA.

To say that this extraordinary defense system resulted from a series of errors is not a reasonable conclusion. It’s on the same level as saying a jig-saw puzzle of a thousand pieces happened, by sheer accident, to fit together perfectly forming a complete mosaic.

That’s asking too much of an accident or any series of accidents. Someone with intelligence put the puzzle together; likewise, Someone with intelligence put together the bombardier beetle.

There is another reason for doubting the evolution of such a complex defense system. Predators would not have allowed it. Can you imagine ants, spiders, and praying mantis idly standing by for millions of years patiently waiting for mutations to gradually perfect the bombardier’s defense? No?

Given the opportunity, you can be sure, predators would have devoured this otherwise helpless little bug into extinction. Thus we are compelled to say, the bombardier’s chemical defense system in all of its complexity had to come onboard, intact as a single unit. It was designed.

Millipede Apheloria Corrugata

What’s true of the bombardier is also true of the millipede Apheloria corrugata who shoots hydrogen cyanide at its enemies. Again incremental steps are not practical. The only reasonable explanation for these complex, integrated chemical defenses is design - design by Someone with an in-depth knowledge of physics, chemistry, biology, and microbiology.

Darwin Quote on Eye and Natural Selection

Next let’s consider the eye. Here is where the rubber meets the road. This is the acid test for evolution. Darwin recognized the problem and mentioned it in the Origin of the Species: “To suppose that the eye with all its inimitable contrivances for adjusting the focus to different distances, for admitting different amounts of light, and for correction of spherical and chromatic aberration, could have formed by natural selection, seems, I freely confess, absurd in the highest degree.”

Who can argue with that?

Vision

This is what we know about human vision: Light enters the eye through the transparent window called the cornea which covers the pupil. The pupil is an opening in the iris, the colored part of the eye. Light continues through the aqueous humor, a watery substance, until it lands upon the lens. The lens in turn focuses the light on the retina.

On the way to the retina, light must travel through the vitreous humor, a transparent jelly which fills out the center of the eye, helping it to keep its shape. When light hits the retina, it stimulates up to 137 million specialized cells know as rods and cones. (Cones are the color detectors; rods are the black and white detectors.)

Both rods and cones are chemical switch receptors. Light triggers these miniature on-off buttons generating as estimated one billion nerve impulses per second. The mass of electrical impulses is forwarded to the cerebral cortex via the optic nerve and a complex nerve network.

The cerebral cortex is equipped with a visual processing center which integrates data from both eyes and inverts the upside down image. That provides us with our three-dimensional right-side-up picture. Exactly how the brain interprets those electrical impulses and turns them into a picture is still a mystery.

Eye Components and Functions

Just how complicated is the eye? Each human eye contains over 137 million essential working parts. Can you imagine a machine that complex? Let’s take a look at some of these components and their functions.

The outside layer is called the sclerotic layer. It’s white, semi-rigid, and gives the eyeball its basic shape and provides a measure of protection as well.

The middle layer is called the choroid layer. It’s a dark pigment containing numerous blood vessels. Its job is to prevent light from reflecting within the eye.

The inner layer is called the retina. It contains 130 million rods which see in black and shades of gray, and 7 million cones which provide sharp, clear color vision. Each cone is sensitive to only color: red, green, or blue light. Rods and cones are actually photoreceptor cells connected to sensory neurons. The retina changes light into electrical nerve impulses.

Conjunctiva - A mucous membrane which lines the inner surface of the eyelid and the exposed surface of the eye and lubricates both.

Cornea - A uniformly thick, transparent nearly circular disc covering the lens. It serves as a window letting light into the eye, and it also protects the lens.

Aqueous humor - A clear, lymph-like fluid between the cornea and lens.

Iris- The color-pigmented membrane separating the cornea from the lens. It adjusts the size of the pupil regulating the amount of light admitted to the eye.

Pupil - The black circular hole through which light enters the eye.

Ciliary muscles - Controls the shape of the iris which in turn adjusts the size of the pupil.

Lens - A transparent part of the eye that focuses light to form an image of the retina.

Vitreous humor - The transparent substance which fills the eye.

Eye muscles - Six muscles attached to the eye which provide movement.

Tear ducts and glands - A system for lubricating and protecting the eye.

The eye also has a few accessories:

Eyelashes and eyebrows - Both assist in keeping out debris. Each serves as a defense mechanism for the eye.

That is a remarkable number of parts working together for a common purpose. Don’t forget that each of these items must be coded into the DNA at its appropriate location to integrate and coordinate with all the other eye features. It has all the appearances of design. It’s difficult to see how it could be anything else. The same thought occurred to Charles Darwin. The eye “with all of its inimitable contrivances” gave him second thoughts about his natural selection theory.

Television Analogy

Have you ever looked inside of a television set? Inside you find a number of panels with numerous miniature parts seemingly all mixed together in a hodge-podge collection. But that is not really the case. Those panels are circuit boards. And on those circuit boards are carefully positioned transistors, capacitors, resistors, conductors, transformers, and other electronic parts all creating an image on the picture tube.

Each tiny part is exactly the correct type, size, and strength needed for that particular spot on the circuit board. If anything is out of line, chances are you will not get a picture. Just as in the eye, all parts are essential.

We know that television didn’t just happen. It took some intelligent people a good number of years to figure out the technology and put it into place. The eye is considerably more complicated than any TV. It has far more parts to harmonize than even the most expensive television set. All indications are that the human eye was put together by Someone whose intelligence and technology are vastly superior to our own. In Origin of the Species, Charles Darwin seems to agree.

Evolutionists’ Explanation for Vision

How do evolutionists account for eyesight? They believe that the eye began as a light-sensitive spot on a cell. Step-by-step, random mutation after mutation, light-sensitive cells folded inward to form a retina. Somehow mutations made the skin on the surface transparent, part of which turned into a lens focusing light on the newly formed retina.

Again, random mistake after mistake after mistake added parts to the eye which in time became the fully functional, complex, detailed organ we have today. Evolutionists arrange a series of compound eyes from different creatures which they claim show the evolutionary steps leading up to the human eye.

What’s wrong with the evolutionist’s story? Quite a bit. The speculation about a gradual mutation-led construction of the eye is just that - speculation. There are no partially formed eyes in the fossil record. Different types of eyes? Yes,. But they are all complete, fully functional systems with every component in place and accounted for.

Furthermore, the eye by itself does not give us vision. The optic nerve, the thalamus, and a series of nerves linking the eye to the brain are all required. And there’s more. The brain has a primary visual cortex and a visual association cortex set up to decode and interpret the incoming information.

See how complex it is? The eye, the optic nerve, the thalamus, the nerve network, and the brain’s visual processing centers all had to be in place and fully operational before sight was possible.

How do evolutionists account for these extra components in our visual system? They don’t. They ignore them. Evolutionists can only say, “Mistake after mistake in the DNA must have produced these essential ingredients.” Incremental evolutionary steps is not a reasonable explanation for sight. Furthermore, observation and dissection of plants and animals have not revealed any developing incomplete organ of any type presently in nature. And the fossil record has yet to show any developing, incomplete organ of any type in the past.

Color Vision

Color vision, says biologist Michael Pitman in his book Adam and Evolution, presents yet another problem for the evolutionists. Most creatures don’t have it. Only several bony fishes, reptiles, birds, bees plus other assorted insects, and primates see in color. Yes, that does leave out other mammals such as cats, dogs, horses, and bulls, all of which see in black, white, and shades of gray.

That’s just an interesting quirk of nature unless, of course, you are a protozoa-to-man evolutionist. Then you have a problem. You find yourself defending the following proposition: Fish evolved retinal cones allowing color vision.

Evolving into amphibians, color vision was somehow lost, only to resurface (maybe we should call it re-evolve) in certain birds and related reptiles. But when it came to mammals color vision was lost again. However, color vision did another about-face and reemerged in primates. How’s that for a twisted story?

Two Eyes Standard

If you were to line up every amphibian, reptile, bird, and mammal, and look each one squarely in the face, what would you see? About the same as you see when you look at your own reflection in the mirror. You find a balanced symmetrical face: two ears - one on each side, two eyes overlooking a single nose in the center with a mouth directly below. Species after species fit that general description including the vast majority of fish too.

But why two eyes? Evolutionists have an answer: “Three dimensional vision was essential for our ancestors swinging through the trees.” Using our imagination, we can see luckless one-eyed primates banging into trees due to their lack of depth perception.

With their extinction only the two-eyed types were left to carry on. Even if we accept natural selection’s bias against one-eyed tree swingers, that still does not explain all of those other two-eyed amphibians, reptiles, birds, mammals, and fish who never had to contend with tree swinging.

For all practical purposes, one eye should suffice. Think of all it takes to make one eye work. Well over a hundred million individual parts must work in unison - with each other and with a nerve network and a specialized optic nerve section of the brain. When the whole system is in gear and producing - you have vision.

It’s next to impossible to see how evolution’s haphazard errors could ever accidentally conjure up one eye. Even so, that’s far more feasible than two eyes emerging from such a questionable source. One-eyed creatures, however, are nowhere to be found - in or out of the fossil record.

Of course two eyes are better than one. They cover a wider territory, and you have a built-in spare should one go bad. Depth perception does assist predators in pinpointing their prey, and it helps the prey to avoid the predators. But if we start considering evolutionary advantages, why not three eyes instead of two? Wouldn’t that be even better? Sure, why not four or five eyes while we are at it?

And how many times has a predator slipped up on the back of as unsuspecting prey? If the prey had an eye or two in the back of its head, wouldn’t it be a leg up in the evolutionary sweepstakes?

Yet no amphibian, reptile, bird or mammal has opted for either the evolutionary shortcut of a single eye or the evolutionary advantage of more than two eyes.

If the only thing at work here is random, haphazard, off-the-wall mutations, those persistent two-eyed creatures extending back millions of years make no sense at all. On the other hand, if those amphibians, reptiles, birds, and mammals were designed, there is a logical explanation for the consistent pattern. The designer liked the two ears, two eyes, single nose and mouth look. And that’s the way he made them.

Ear Components and Functions

Turning our attention to the ear, we find a repeat of the eye story. The characters are different, but the theme is the same. The outer ear, ear canal, eardrum, eustachian tube, hammer, anvil, stirrup, cochlea, cochlear nerve, and the auditory center of the temporal lobe - all work in harmony for a common purpose. Actually, ears serve two purposes: hearing and balance.

Here is how the ear works: The outer ear collects sound and funnels it into a one-inch irregularly shaped ear canal. The canal acts as a filter. Numerous hairs plus four thousand wax-producing glands keep out foreign particles and provides a constant moist temperature for the delicate middle and inner ear.

The eardrum is located at the end of the ear canal. Sound vibrations are passed from the eardrum to a trio of linked bones in the middle ear. They are named for their shapes: the hammer, anvil, and stirrup. These three tiny bones amplify the sound into the inner ear. Air pressure is equalized on either side of the eardrum by a vent leading from the middle ear to the throat. It’s called the eustachian tube.

In the inner ear, we find what appears to be a small snail shell. This little device is the cochlea. The cochlea is only about the size of a hazelnut, but it has a big job. It is usually compared to one of two things. Some say it is similar to a telephone system with enough circuits to service a good-sized city.

Others liken the cochlea to a piano keyboard with twenty thousand or so different keys. Either way, you get the idea; it is a very small but extraordinarily complex structure.

Incoming sound frequencies which have been amplified by the hammer-anvil-stirrup combination, vibrate hair-like sensory cells in the cochlea. The cochlea’s job is to translate sound waves into nerve impulses. Varying sound frequencies strike different sections of the sensory cells in numerous combinations. Nerve impulses travel from the cochlea on to the auditory nerve and on into the brain. And that is what we hear.

Once again we see an organ which has all the appearances of design. It takes a great leap of faith to claim it is an accumulation of DNA errors. There is no evidence for such a claim nor facts to support it. The only reasonable conclusion is that Someone with a good solid knowledge of physics, biology, and micro-technology designed and made this complex, intricate, and delicate organ.

Analogies and Conclusion

Have you ever seen a cornfield? A cornfield is nothing but acre after acre of cornstalks all about the same height, all in neat rows with little on no grass between. After seeing a cornfield, it would never occur to you that the whole thing could be an accident. Nature just doesn’t do that sort of thing. Someone cleared the ground and planted the seeds.

Let’s try another example. On either side of the road you notice a row of evenly spaced dogwood trees. And each tree is circled by a single row of flowers. No one needs to tell you that somebody purposely planted those trees and flowers.

We know that Mount Rushmore bears the likenesses of four U.S. presidents. If your geography teacher were to tell you that those heads of Washington, Jefferson, Lincoln, and Roosevelt were accidentally formed by natural erosion, would you believe it? If your English teacher were to tell you the first unabridged English dictionary resulted from an accidental explosion in a print shop, would you laugh?

Nature is not neat. It’s not symmetrical; nor is it artistic or creative. No, it is just the opposite — disorganized, erratic, and chaotic. You and I know if nature is left to its own devices, it will grow an irregular assortment of weeds, but not a neat row of crops. It will grow an odd collection of various trees scattered hither, thither, and yon, but not evenly spaced dogwoods with a single row of flowers circling each.

Erosion will create ugly gashes in hillsides, but it won’t carve statues of presidents out of rock. An explosion can blow a print shop to smithereens, but it is not going to create a dictionary. Nature doesn’t build things up; it doesn’t create patterns; and it doesn’t produce complex designs.

Nature did not create the bombardier’s chemical defense system, nor the millipede’s hydrogen cyanide system, nor the human eye or ear. Nor did nature create the extraordinary computer called the brain, whose operation is still beyond our full understanding. The only logical explanation is that each was designed. And where we find such clear evidence of design, it’s reasonable to assume a Designer.

Speaking in vague generalities, evolution often seems plausible. But getting down to the nitty-gritty of specific organs such as eyes and ears, we find evolution an inadequate and impractical answer.



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Jwaltz asked:


When one thinks of an adult club one thinks of a club on land where members gather to find matches for love, romance, and sex. One is right. This is what an adult club is for.

However, when you think of an online adult club on Internet you think of a club where members meet online for love, romance and sex search. You are right. This is what an online adult club is for.

The dating clubs on land are mostly elite or private with high membership fees. They are restricted to a particular locality and often have snob value, which is a severe deterrent to a common man.

The online dating club is a common meeting ground for people of all walks of life and lifestyle. Albeit there are online adult clubs, which are based on restricting criteria, but that does not matter, as there are plenty of free adult clubs on Internet of which one or other would fit your profile.

The adult clubs on Internet cater to varying lifestyles. There are swinger clubs for adult swinger couples, gay clubs for gay males, and lesbian clubs for lesbian females on Internet. These specific online clubs cater only to persons who follow that lifestyle. The membership is closed to those who do not seek this alternative lifestyle.

These online clubs are a adult community site also that offer private networking, messaging, online chats, and live webcams too. These are a great place for dating and interactivity within. Adult club on Internet is more than a dating site.

Unlike a friends club for friendship and a singles club for single dating or matchmaking adult clubs are for sharing sex relationships. For example, a swinger club would be for searching swinger party, wife swapping couple, group sex or partner exchange. Likewise, a gay club would be for seeking gay sex and lesbian club would be for finding lesbian sex and love. These are dating sites that offer a virtual environment that is more than online dating.



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Fran asked:


 

Couples who enjoy swinging and frequent swinger’s clubs say that they love their partners but crave “recreational sex”.

They claim that having sex with others is purely “for fun” and in no way diminishes the relationship they have with their spouse.

So where in such a relationship are the secrets that only two can share? Doesn’t having “interchangeable” sex partners kind of take the personal intimacy and romance right out of the bedroom?

Not according to swingers. They maintain that swinging allows them to explore their sexual boundaries together while strengthening their mutual love and respect for each other.

So, if you and your spouse are considering crossing over from fantasy to reality, here are the top 10 reasons to become swingers.

1. Because you both want to experience sex with other people but do not want the guilt of “cheating”.

2. To experiment and learn new techniques that new sex partners can offer.

3. To fulfill your mutual fantasies.

4. To satisfy your voyeuristic tendencies.

5. To explore your bi-sexual curiosities.

6. Have group sex in a safe and controlled environment whether it be at a private “house party” or at a swingers club.

7. To enjoy multiple partner sex with like minded people without fear of judgment.

8. To make new friends and experience and exciting “alternate lifestyle”.

9. To experience those long lost, intoxicating feelings of “lust” and rejuvenate your boring and routine sex life.

10. To share in a totally uninhibited and enjoyable “release” from the stress of everyday life that includes your partner.



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Aphrodite asked:


Sexual addiction, as defined by psychologists, is a ‘progressive intimacy disorder characterized by compulsive sexual thoughts and acts.’ Some people consider swinging to be a form of sexual addiction but it is probably more accurate to say that amongst swingers there are some people who are so obsessed with swinging that they can fairly be described as being addicts.

Over many years of running a swingers club, I have come across both couples and singles who present certain traits and behaviour patterns which might indicate to a psychologist that they were sexually addicted. The main indications of their addiction to sex can be summarised as follows:

1. They appear to be almost incapable of talking about anything other than subjects connected with their swinging activities. For example; the parties they have been to or the ones they have heard about and are considering. If you are a member of an online swinger or adult dating club, you will probably have come across such people dominating chat room discussions.

2. Their sex life appears to be their only life. Everything they do will be planned with swinging in mind. If they plan a holiday for example, they will check out whether there are any swinging clubs in the resorts being considered and only choose a resort that has a club.

3. They believe that they have somehow ‘earned’ a good sex life by being good at flirting, have perfected sexual techniques or are otherwise seen by others as desirable sexual partners.

4. They may frown upon safe sex practices, claiming that HIV / AIDS are most unlikely to be contracted via heterosexual intercourse etc.

5. Single male sex addicts often exhibit their addiction by compulsive behaviour with regards to attending parties or using premium rate chat lines. Like a compulsive gambler on a fruit machine, they will continue attending parties that disappoint and calling expensive chat lines that produce no actual contact, telling themselves that ‘next time will be better’.

Although nobody seems to know exactly what causes people to become addicted to sex, most experts agree that a process occurs with the addict’s brain sending out a message telling them that having illicit sex is necessary in much the same way as the brain tells you that you must eat when you are hungry. Eventually a pattern is established whereby the constant messages translate into a preoccupation with sex at the expense and exclusion of other interests. Compulsive sexual behaviour is then established and perpetuated despite any negative consequences and attempts to limit it.

Swingers who are addicted to sex derive a sense of euphoria from their activities that appears to be much greater than other people derive. Their sexual experiences are rarely about intimacy and their accounts of their sexual adventures can often sound strangely detached. They are actually using sexual activity to avoid facing up to unpleasant feelings or as a response to external stressors, which, in the case of swinger couples, often include marital relationships. This kind of behaviour is of course, very typical of how an alcoholic uses alcohol. It may also be significant that swingers who show signs of being sex addicts seem more likely to reveal that they were sexually abused as children. Of course there are dangers in drawing conclusions from what is inevitably a very small number of people who have felt able to share such intimate information with me.

Overall, it is probably fair to say that amongst swingers there are bound to be many who can be described as being sexually addicted. However, compared to many other forms of compulsive sexual activity, swinging provides a very positive outcome of sex addiction.



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Aelicia Anderson asked:


Melbourne is stocked full of fantastic date ideas for couples. Here’s our list of some of the best options:

1. Queen Victoria Market

Queen Victoria Market is Victoria’s most famous open-air market drawing millions of visitors each year. Shop, be entertained by buskers and enjoy the cosmopolitan atmosphere that has been enjoyed for more than 125 years. Most of the market is filled with fresh produce and meats, but you’ll also find a wide variety of specialty goods, especially on Sunday – the most popular day for the market.

2. Row Along the River

Studley Park follows along the Yarra River for some distance, offering a fantastic opportunity to hire a rowing boat and row your sweetie up the river. This is also an ideal spot to enjoy a picnic or BBQ.

3. Watch a Sunset

Find a romantic spot somewhere along Melbourne’s extensive coastline, crack open a bottle of bubbly and enjoy a romantic sunset on the beach. One of the best spots is St. Kilda Beach where you can also enjoy the sunset from the many beachfront restaurants and cafes.

4. Visit a Winery

There are literally hundreds of exquisite wineries within a 90 minute drive of Melbourne. Enjoy a tour of the winery, sample excellent wines, and experience world-class dining for a full day of romantic indulgences.

5. Ice Skating at Docklands

Not only does Docklands offer fabulous waterfront restaurants, bars and cafes, but Melbourne singles can also strap on some ice skates and head out onto the ice rink. Look for their Friday and Saturday night disco skates for a truly groovy experience.

6. Take a Cooking Class

The Electrolux Cooking School at Queen Victoria Market offers a variety of cooking classes perfect for enjoying with someone special. You can also check out classes at the Pomodoro Italian Cooking School and Cooking the Italian Way. Learn a new dish you can recreate at home together, or prepare for your next Melbourne swingers party!

7. Colonial Tramcar Restaurant

Dine aboard an authentic 1927 Melbourne tram featuring decadent cuisine and fine wines. Departs daily from & returns to Normanby Rd near the corner of Clarendon St South Melbourne.

8. Picnic in the Park

There are dozens of beautiful parks and gardens located all over the city that are perfect for a quiet picnic for two. Pack a basket filled with your favorite snacks and sweets, and don’t forget the wine and corkscrew.

9. Melbourne Planetarium

Get a closer look at the stars and enjoy some incredible shows on the big screen.

10. Melbourne 360

Offering spectacular 360 degree views from the top of the renowned Rialto building in the centre of the city, this Melbourne landmark is a must see experience. The facilities feature an award winning film spectacular, delicious licensed café & bar, and outdoor viewing decks.



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